Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has claimed that the network is finally overcoming one of blockchain’s longest-standing challenges — the trilemma of decentralization, security, and scalability. In a detailed post on X, Buterin pointed to Peer Data Availability Sampling and Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines as transformative upgrades.
PeerDAS, introduced through the Fusaka upgrade in December, significantly increases Ethereum’s data-handling capacity. zkEVMs, meanwhile, enable Ethereum-compatible execution using zero-knowledge proofs, improving efficiency without sacrificing decentralization. Buterin noted that while zkEVMs are already performance-ready, additional security work is needed before full-scale deployment.
He outlined a four-year roadmap that includes major gas limit increases, state structure changes, and zkEVMs becoming the primary method for block validation by the end of the decade. According to Buterin, this progress represents nearly ten years of research and development aimed at making Ethereum a fundamentally stronger decentralized network.
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